{"id":3574,"date":"2019-11-06T19:46:09","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T18:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/?p=3574"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:49:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T12:49:35","slug":"polska-kokarda-narodowa-copy-copy-copy-2-copy-copy-4-copy-copy-2-copy-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/?p=3574","title":{"rendered":"Karol Lipi\u0144ski &#8211; wirtuoz i tw\u00f3rca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; prev_background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#efefef&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/zn-grafika-skrzypce.jpg&#8221; top_divider_style=&#8221;slant2&#8243; top_divider_height=&#8221;57px&#8221; top_divider_flip=&#8221;horizontal&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; 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header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>Reporta\u017c zrealizowany w grudniu 2011 roku we Wroc\u0142awiu w Akademii Muzycznej im. Karola Lipi\u0144skiego w czasie obchod\u00f3w 150-tej rocznicy \u015bmierci patrona.<\/h3><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\r[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;#film_kotwica&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Film &#8211; Zobacz&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Guzik &#8211; Przejd\u017a do Film &#8211; tylko MOBILE&#8221; module_class=&#8221;videokotwicaguzik&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#xe04e;||divi||400&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Nag\u0142\u00f3wek &#8211; nazwisko i daty&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; 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header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h4><strong><em>Karol Lipi\u0144ski<\/em><\/strong><\/h4><p><em>(ur. 30 pa\u017adziernika 1790 w Radzyniu Podlaskim, zm. 16 grudnia 1861 w Ur\u0142owie)<\/em><\/p>\r[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial portrait_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/lipi\u0144ski-grafika-sylwetka.jpg&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#2a5a53&#8243; portrait_width=&#8221;200px&#8221; portrait_height=&#8221;200&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Sylwetka&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; body_font=&#8221;||on||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#2a5a53&#8243; body_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;off&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;fade&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; author_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; author_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; author_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; position_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; position_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; position_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; company_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; company_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; company_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#cecece&#8221; border_radii_portrait=&#8221;on|200px|200px|200px|200px&#8221; border_width_all_portrait=&#8221;5px&#8221; border_color_all_portrait=&#8221;#f0f2f3&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_style_image=&#8221;preset1&#8243; text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Polski skrzypek, kompozytor i pedagog.<\/p>\r[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Zawarto\u015b\u0107 tekstowa artyku\u0142u&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<blockquote><p>Paganini zapytany kiedy\u015b &#8211; \u00a0kto wed\u0142ug niego jest najlepszym skrzypkiem na \u015bwiecie, odpowiedzia\u0142 wymijaj\u0105co: \u201eNie wiem kto jest najlepszy, ale Lipi\u0144ski ma na pewno drugie miejsce\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote><p>Karol Lipi\u0144ski od wczesnego dzieci\u0144stwa zdradza\u0142 wybitne zdolno\u015bci muzyczne. Gry na skrzypcach uczy\u0142 si\u0119 od pi\u0105tego roku \u017cycia \u2013 pocz\u0105tkowo od ojca Feliksa (1765-1847) \u2013 kapelmistrza orkiestry w maj\u0105tku Potockich w Radzyniu Podlaskim. Po przeniesieniu si\u0119 Lipi\u0144skich w 1799 r. do Lwowa gra\u0142 w orkiestrze prowadzonej przez ojca w domu Adama Starze\u0144skiego oraz w zespo\u0142ach kameralnych. Pod koniec 1809 r. Lipi\u0144ski zosta\u0142 zaanga\u017cowany na stanowisko koncertmistrza orkiestry teatru niemieckiego we Lwowie. We Lwowie mieszka\u0142 przez 40 lat do 1839 r., pracuj\u0105c jako dyrygent, a potem dyrektor orkiestry. Tam te\u017c powsta\u0142a zdecydowana wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 jego kompozycji, m.in. 3 symfonie (Es-dur, B-dur, Uwertura D-dur), trzy koncerty skrzypcowe, kaprysy, polonezy oraz kilka \u015bpiewogier (\u201eoper).<\/p><p>W roku 1814 wyjecha\u0142 do Wiednia, aby pozna\u0107 s\u0142awnego w\u00f3wczas niemieckiego skrzypka-wirtuoza Ludwika Spohra. Po tym spotkaniu postanowi\u0142 obra\u0107 karier\u0119 koncertuj\u0105cego skrzypka, za\u015b po powrocie do Lwowa porzuci\u0142 prac\u0119 w teatrze i zaj\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 doskonaleniem gry na skrzypcach. R\u00f3wnocze\u015bnie komponowa\u0142 i zajmowa\u0142 si\u0119 dzia\u0142alno\u015bci\u0105 pedagogiczn\u0105.<\/p><p>Pod koniec pa\u017adziernika 1817 r. uda\u0142 si\u0119 na koncerty do W\u0142och. Spotka\u0142 si\u0119 z Paganinim w 1818 r. (koncertowali razem dwukrotnie 17 kwietnia i 24 maja 1818 r.).<\/p><p>W latach 1819-1824 koncertowa\u0142 w Kijowie, Krakowie, Poznaniu, Berlinie, Lipsku i Wroc\u0142awiu, Wilnie, Krzemie\u0144cu i Kamie\u0144cu Podolskim. W tym czasie powsta\u0142y kolejne, liczne jego utwory.<\/p><p>W 1823 r. koncertowa\u0142 w Kijowie wsp\u00f3lnie z Mari\u0105 Szymanowsk\u0105. Wyst\u0119powa\u0142 w Warszawie w grudniu 1827 i na pocz\u0105tku 1828 r. daj\u0105c sze\u015b\u0107 koncert\u00f3w w Teatrze Narodowym, po kt\u00f3rych otrzyma\u0142 nominacj\u0119 na pierwszego skrzypka Dworu Kr\u00f3lewsko-Polskiego.<\/p><p>W 1829 r. podczas uroczysto\u015bci koronacyjnych Miko\u0142aja I, na kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c Paganini, obaj arty\u015bci koncertowali, wywo\u0142uj\u0105c w prasie warszawskiej gor\u0105c\u0105 polemik\u0119 na temat wy\u017cszo\u015bci ich gry.<\/p><p>Lipi\u0144ski po powrocie z Warszawy zaniecha\u0142 koncertowania i po\u015bwi\u0119ci\u0142 si\u0119 pracy kompozytorskiej. W 1834 r. rozpocz\u0105\u0142 wyst\u0119py z nowym repertuarem w Warszawie i Poznaniu, a w 1835 roku uda\u0142 si\u0119 na p\u00f3\u0142toraroczn\u0105 podr\u00f3\u017c artystyczn\u0105 na Zach\u00f3d.<\/p><p>W latach 1837-1839 poczyni\u0142 starania o stanowisko koncertmistrza kapeli kr\u00f3la saskiego w Dre\u017anie, kt\u00f3re otrzyma\u0142 w 1839 r. Niemal do ostatnich dni swego \u017cycia jego dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 by\u0142a zwi\u0105zana z tym miastem. \u00a0Wsp\u00f3\u0142pracowa\u0142 z Richardem Wagnerem, przyja\u017ani\u0142 si\u0119 z Robertem Schumannem. W Dre\u017anie powsta\u0142y jego ostatnie utwory. Tutaj te\u017c rozwin\u0105\u0142 swoj\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 pedagogiczn\u0105, kszta\u0142c\u0105c wielu skrzypk\u00f3w i opiekuj\u0105c si\u0119 m\u0142odymi talentami \u00a0&#8211; mi\u0119dzy innymi Henrykiem Wieniawskim.<\/p><p>W 1845 Lipi\u0144ski zakupi\u0142 maj\u0105tek Ur\u0142\u00f3w ko\u0142o Tarnopola. Artysta sp\u0119dza\u0142 tam wakacje, a po przej\u015bciu na emerytur\u0119 przeni\u00f3s\u0142 si\u0119 do Ur\u0142owa na sta\u0142e i tam zmar\u0142 na astm\u0119 w 1861 roku.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\r[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Powi\u0105zane tre\u015bci:&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#2a5a53&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#f0f2f3&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#f0f2f3&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Powi\u0105zane tre\u015bci &#8211; guzik&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; title_text_color=&#8221;#2a5a53&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#2a5a53&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; closed_title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; closed_title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; closed_title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#2a5a53&#8243; border_width_top=&#8221;10px&#8221; border_width_top_tablet=&#8221;10px&#8221; border_width_top_phone=&#8221;10px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<ul><li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/?p=2090\">&#8222;Sztuka skrzypcowa Karola Lipi\u0144skiego&#8221; &#8211; prof. S\u0142awomir Tomasik<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/?p=2023\">&#8222;Skrzypce \u2013 harmonia doskona\u0142o\u015bci&#8221; &#8211; prof. Andrzej \u0141apa<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/?p=2169\">&#8222;Skrzypce \u2013 osobliwo\u015bci tworu doskona\u0142ego&#8221; &#8211; film dokumentalny<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\r[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;guzik_do_filmu&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<a name=\"film_kotwica\"><\/a>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Nag\u0142\u00f3wek &#8211; Video&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;17px&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;border-bottom: 1px solid #2A5A53;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>Film<\/h1>\r[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;obrazek + film&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; 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Natomiast na skrzypcach Stradivarius \u201cLIPI\u0143SKI\u201d gra Vivaldiego, zaproszony do Polski, Frank Almond.<\/p><p>Reporta\u017c powsta\u0142 dzi\u0119ki wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z Akademi\u0105 Muzyczn\u0105 we Wroc\u0142awiu oraz Wydzia\u0142em Kultury Urz\u0119du Miejskiego Wroc\u0142awia, na zlecenie Narodowego Instytutu Audiowizualnego.<\/p>\r[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Nag\u0142\u00f3wek &#8211; Galeria&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|||on|||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;17px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;border-bottom: 1px solid #2A5A53;&#8221; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; 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background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;border-bottom: 1px solid #2A5A53;&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1>Polecane artyku\u0142y<\/h1>\r[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; posts_number=&#8221;12&#8243; include_categories=&#8221;6&#8243; show_more=&#8221;on&#8221; show_author=&#8221;off&#8221; show_date=&#8221;off&#8221; show_categories=&#8221;off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Artyku\u0142y &#8211; Kultura&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; body_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; meta_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; meta_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; 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body_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; body_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_image_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_image_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_image_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_image_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blog][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reporta\u017c o polskim skrzypku i kompozytorze, kt\u00f3ry na scenie stawa\u0142 w szranki z Niccolo Paganinim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"Tadeusz Jeziorowski - cz\u0142onek Komisji Heraldycznej\n\nW symbolice mi\u0119dzynarodowej najwa\u017cniejszym znakiem identyfikuj\u0105cym pa\u0144stwo w gronie innych jest&nbsp;herb&nbsp;pa\u0144stwowy. Herb to znak utworzony z god\u0142a umieszczonego w polu tarczy herbowej.\nHerbem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, maj\u0105cym nazw\u0119 w\u0142asn\u0105 \u2013&nbsp;Orze\u0142 Bia\u0142y, jest od przesz\u0142o 700 lat widniej\u0105cy w polu czerwonym wizerunek ukoronowanego bia\u0142ego Or\u0142a ze z\u0142otym dziobem i szponami. Tak\u0105 sam\u0105 rol\u0119 jak herb, pe\u0142ni u nas god\u0142o, czyli Orze\u0142 z herbu Rzeczypospolitej, przedstawiony sam, bez tarczy. Znakiem r\u00f3wnorz\u0119dnym, a dzi\u015b w symbolice mi\u0119dzynarodowej nawet dominuj\u0105cym, jest&nbsp;flaga pa\u0144stwowa&nbsp;\u2013 okre\u015blony zestaw barw wywiedzionych zwykle z herbu pa\u0144stwowego.\n\nBarwami naszego pa\u0144stwa s\u0105&nbsp;biel i czerwie\u0144. Ta ostatnia winna odpowiada\u0107 barwie cynobru, co sprecyzowano dopiero w 1927 r. Jako barwa narodowa dawniej cz\u0119sto wyst\u0119powa\u0142a czerwie\u0144 ciemniejsza \u2013 p\u0105s, karmazyn i zbli\u017cony do tego koloru amarant, co jeszcze dzi\u015b jest b\u0142\u0119dnie uwa\u017cane za w\u0142a\u015bciwy odcie\u0144 polskiej czerwieni. W poziomym uk\u0142adzie, w jakim nasze barwy wyst\u0119puj\u0105 przede wszystkim na fladze pa\u0144stwowej, biel u g\u00f3ry odpowiada bieli Or\u0142a, a czerwie\u0144 u do\u0142u \u2013 czerwieni pola herbowego (tarczy). Ustanowion\u0105 w 1919 r. polsk\u0105 flag\u0119 pa\u0144stwow\u0105 wykonuje si\u0119 zawsze z dw\u00f3ch r\u00f3wnych pas\u00f3w.\nBarwy mog\u0105 by\u0107 prezentowane tak\u017ce na innych znakach narodowych, np. na&nbsp;chor\u0105giewkach. W\u00f3wczas, w cz\u0119\u015bci swobodnej (po przeciwnej od drzewca), mo\u017ce by\u0107 tr\u00f3jk\u0105tne wci\u0119cie na wz\u00f3r dawnych&nbsp;proporczyk\u00f3w&nbsp;z lanc u\u0142a\u0144skich spopularyzowanych sukcesami jazdy polskiej w dobie wojen napoleo\u0144skich. Z kolei naramienne&nbsp;opaski Armii Krajowej&nbsp;czy cz\u0142onk\u00f3w&nbsp;\u201eSolidarno\u015bci\u201dz 1980 r. by\u0142y tylko zestawem barw jak na fladze. O wiele starszym uk\u0142adem polskiej bieli i czerwieni jest upinana z nich w ko\u0142o&nbsp;kokarda.\n\nKokarda, kt\u00f3rej nazwa wywodzi si\u0119 z j\u0119zyka francuskiego, pierwotnie by\u0142a noszon\u0105 na nakryciu g\u0142owy ozdob\u0105 z p\u0119ku wst\u0105\u017cek, co Francuzi nazwali&nbsp;cocarde. W XVIII w. u\u0142o\u017cona z bia\u0142ych wst\u0105\u017cek ju\u017c w ko\u0142o, sta\u0142a si\u0119 na kapeluszach mundurowych znakiem przynale\u017cno\u015bci pa\u0144stwowej. Przyj\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 w innych pa\u0144stwach i st\u0105d w r\u00f3\u017cnych j\u0119zykach jej nazwa brzmi podobnie: w j\u0119zyku w\u0142oskim&nbsp;coccarda, niemieckim&nbsp;Kokarde, angielskim&nbsp;cockade. Tak, jak u nas, tak\u017ce u W\u0119gr\u00f3w jest to&nbsp;kok\u00e1rda,&nbsp;tylko Szwedzi pisz\u0105&nbsp;kokard.\n\nW Rzeczypospolitej kokarda pierwotnie te\u017c by\u0142a bia\u0142a, symbolizuj\u0105c kr\u00f3lewsk\u0105 zwierzchno\u015b\u0107 w\u0142adzy nad wojskiem. Pod koniec XVIII w. i w latach Ksi\u0119stwa Warszawskiego noszona na czapkach bywa\u0142a ju\u017c bia\u0142o-czerwona, ale w Kr\u00f3lestwie Polskim sta\u0142a si\u0119 ponownie bia\u0142\u0105. Bia\u0142o-czerwona&nbsp;kokarda narodowa&nbsp;sankcj\u0119 ustawow\u0105 otrzyma\u0142a dopiero w Powstaniu Listopadowym. Sejm 7 lutego 1831 r. wprowadzi\u0142 kokard\u0119 dwubarwn\u0105, odwo\u0142uj\u0105c si\u0119 do przyj\u0119tego powsta\u0144czego herbu Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego, przedstawiaj\u0105cego w ukoronowanej tarczy dwudzielnej w s\u0142up, tj. podzielonej pionowo, w czerwonych polach bia\u0142ego Or\u0142a i bia\u0142\u0105 Pogo\u0144 Litewsk\u0105. Herb ten odzwierciedla\u0142 dwoma god\u0142ami obie cz\u0119\u015bci dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. By\u0142 to pierwszy przepis ustalaj\u0105cy nasze bia\u0142o-czerwone barwy narodowe, towarzysz\u0105ce nam nieodmiennie do dzi\u015b.\nBia\u0142o-czerwone kokardy noszono w kolejnych powstaniach narodowych. W 1919 r. sta\u0142y si\u0119 na kr\u00f3tko oficjalnym znakiem powsta\u0144czego wojska w Wielkopolsce, a w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej 1920 r. znaczy\u0142y \u017co\u0142nierzy-ochotnik\u00f3w oraz wspomagaj\u0105cych wojsko duszpasterzy, tzw. kapelan\u00f3w lotnych.\n\nW 2008 r. przywr\u00f3cenia kokardy narodowej (kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142o zainicjowane ju\u017c w 2006 r. w Poznaniu), podj\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 \u015bp. Lech Kaczy\u0144ski Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Od tej pory bia\u0142o-czerwone kokardy zdobi\u0105 uczestnik\u00f3w \u015bwi\u0105t narodowych \u2013 11 Listopada i 3 Maja.\n\nZgodnie z zasadami podkre\u015blaj\u0105cymi nadrz\u0119dno\u015b\u0107 god\u0142a herbowego, a nie pola tarczy, na kt\u00f3rym god\u0142o wyst\u0119puje,&nbsp;kokard\u0119 polsk\u0105&nbsp;upina si\u0119 biel\u0105 w \u015brodku. Tylko je\u017celi kokarda ma by\u0107 t\u0142em dla przypinanego na ni\u0105 dodatkowo Or\u0142a, biel jest na zewn\u0105trz, a czerwie\u0144 wype\u0142nia \u015brodek.\n\nBia\u0142o-czerwone kokardy to znak narodowej to\u017csamo\u015bci, st\u0105d zawsze nosimy je na sercu.\nKokarda narodowa&nbsp;to nie kotylion!\n<blockquote>ZARZ\u0104DZENIE Nr 5\/MON\nMINISTRA OBRONY NARODOWEJ\nz dnia 9 kwietnia 2014 r.\nw sprawie sposobu i okoliczno\u015bci stosowania symboli Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w jednostkach Si\u0142 Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej\nROZDZIA\u0141 IV\nBarwy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej\n\u00a7 22.\n1. Barw bia\u0142o-czerwonych mo\u017cna u\u017cywa\u0107 w jednostkach:\n1)&nbsp;namalowanych na sprz\u0119cie wojskowym;\n2)&nbsp;w formie wst\u0119gi podczas uroczysto\u015bci z okazji ods\u0142oni\u0119cia w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci tablicy pami\u0105tkowej, pomnika, obelisku oraz otwarcia obiektu lub przekazania sprz\u0119tu;\n3)&nbsp;w formie szarfy do dekoracji urny z prochami podczas pogrzeb\u00f3w;\n4)&nbsp;w formie kokard narodowych u\u017cywanych podczas uroczysto\u015bci;\n5)&nbsp;jako element dekoracji podczas uroczysto\u015bci oraz w salach tradycji;\n6)&nbsp;na drukach i wydawnictwach wojskowych.\n2. Udrapowane tkaniny w barwach bia\u0142o-czerwonych musz\u0105 mie\u0107 bia\u0142y pas u g\u00f3ry, a zawieszone pionowo bia\u0142y pas z lewej strony, patrz\u0105c z przodu.\n3. Kokardy narodowe w barwach bia\u0142o-czerwonych:\n1)&nbsp;mog\u0105 by\u0107 u\u017cywane w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci z okazji: Dnia Flagi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, \u015awi\u0119ta Narodowego Trzeciego Maja, \u015awi\u0119ta Wojska Polskiego i Narodowego \u015awi\u0119ta Niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci;\n2)&nbsp;wpinane s\u0105 z lewej strony w klap\u0119 munduru lub ubioru cywilnego;\n3)&nbsp;sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch okr\u0119g\u00f3w: bia\u0142ego centralnego oraz okalaj\u0105cego go czerwonego, o \u015brednicy 40 do 60 mm, przy czym promie\u0144 okr\u0119gu bia\u0142ego powinien stanowi\u0107 \u00bd promienia kokardy.<\/blockquote>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6,8],"tags":[77,75,44,43,76],"class_list":["post-3574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-galerie","category-kultura","category-wideo","tag-akademia-muzyczna","tag-karol-lipinski","tag-muzyka","tag-skrzypce","tag-wroclaw"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3574"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":175028,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3574\/revisions\/175028"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.o-nauce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}